NCEA is the National Certificate of Educational Achievement. It is the main qualification at all levels of senior secondary school – Years 11, 12 and 13. NCEA was introduced gradually from 2002 to replace School Certificate, Sixth Form Certificate and Higher School Certificate and University Entrance in NZ and was in full place within schools by 2004.
NCEA removes the distinctions between academic and practical education and allows students to achieve in a wide range of courses and subjects. In the past students tended to pursue either an academic path of education or lean towards a more practical skill based path that would better prepare them for the workplace. The change to NCEA has meant there no longer needs to be a differentiation between the two and a wider range of assessments can count towards the NCEA.
NCEA has also given schools the freedom to offer programmes that better meet the needs of all students and their tertiary and workplace paths. New courses have been created and introduced, links have been established with tertiary providers and there are more work-related programmes being offered.
Creating programmes that best meet student need is a bit like planning an itinerary for a holiday. What do I want to get out of the experience? Where do I want to visit along the way? How will I get there and where will I stay?
NCEA allows programmes to be put together by schools in the same manner.
For example, creating a new English course for Year 13 students may take this shape,
“What do we want our students to get out of this new programme?”
We want our Year 13 students who do not choose to take Level Three English to gain their University Entrance Literacy credits.
“What do they need to do along the way?”
They need to gain a minimum of 8 credits in reading and writing standards.
“Would it be more efficient to run a two term course or a full year course?”
“Which Standards would fit the bill?”
“Which Standards are the more beneficial?”
“Here are the ones we will offer.”
And so a school is able to work with a programme that better suits their students. In this way NCEA is a much more inclusive way to assess all students.
NCEA assesses students using both internal and external assessment. Internal assessment is the process by which the school awards grades to the student and external assessment is when an external marker, someone outside of the school, awards grades. External assessment includes examinations.
How does NCEA work?
NCEA is achievement-based. National standards have been set in each area of learning. When a student has proven they are able to achieve these standards they earn credits towards their NCEA. When a student does achieve at the national level there are then further distinctions (within achievement standards) allowing them to achieve with merit or achieve with excellence.
In each subject a student learns, different aspects of skills, knowledge and understanding are assessed separately.
Here’s an idea of how this might occur using English as an example – different aspects of English that are assessed are
Writing -
- formal writing
- creative writing
- writing a response to a text
- writing a report as a result of research
Reading –
- reading a variety of texts and responding to them
- reading for meaning – exploring character, themes etc in a text
- close reading to understand features of a specific type of text
Presenting –
- delivering a speech
- creating a static image – a poster, cd cover etc
- delivering a section of a play/drama
This is just an indication of how a subject may be ‘broken-down’ for assessment purposes.
Each aspect of a subject assessed is given a title and has attributed to it a different number of credits that can be earned by the student. These aspects of a subject are called achievement standards. For the most part, an achievement standard will have three credits attributed to it but this can vary. Some are worth four credits to students and some are worth six.
Unit standards also contribute towards a student’s NCEA. Unit Standards have been registered on the NQF since 1992 and cover virtually every area of school subjects that directly feed into relevant industry. They can be thought of as the more practical of the two standards – achievement and unit standards.
The achievement standard assessments are designed to suit the skill or knowledge being assessed. This change has been one of the more important ones NCEA has brought about. In the days of school certificate for example, speech making was assessed in the end of year external exam. A student was required to answer questions about the speech they had written, the language techniques they had used and how they delivered it. Now the skill of speech delivery is assessed internally meaning the students actual performance is assessed rather than how well they write about it.
At least half of the subjects assessments are assessed at the end of the year by external exams run by the National Qualifications Framework (NQF).
At each level of NCEA there is a total amount of credits a student must gain in order to be attributed with that level. For example the total number of Level One credits a student must gain to be awarded Level One is 80. These credits will be gained over a range of subject areas.
When a student completes their secondary schooling, he or she will be issued with a record of learning. This document states outlines the achievement and unit standards a student achieves, how many credits they are worth and when they were achieved. (See more about record of learning certificates under the heading ‘How does NCEA recognize excellence?’)
So how do Achievement and Unit Standards differ?
Achievement and Unit standards are similar in that they both provide criteria for assessing student performance. Both achievement and unit standards outline for teachers and students the performance criteria that need to be fulfilled in order for the student to gain the credits attributed to the standard.
There two obvious ways in which the two do differ –
- Each Achievement standard has written with it a broad explanation of how the student is to be assessed – whether by internal or external assessment. Unit standards are all internally assessed.
- Each achievement standard describes the standard required to achieve whatever credits are available, as does a unit standard, and then two further standards for the award of merit and excellence grades. Achievement of a unit standard is only achieved or not achieved.
How does NCEA recognise excellence?
Achievement standards allow students to achieve at different levels. They set out performance criteria that indicate to students how they can achieve that standard with merit or excellence.
The excellence criteria in each standard are demanding and students who do achieve with excellence are doing very well.
There are other ways for students to excel where NCEA is concerned. Many schools run an accelerated program of one sort or another that allows students to attempt achievement standards before the rest of their peer group will. For example and accelerated class of Year Ten students may have planned into their years work certain achievement standards they can achieve. The flow on effect of this is that they would then be able to attempt the next level the following year and so on.
One other way excellence is recognized is on a student’s record of learning. This is a certificate a student receives which outlines the achievement and unit standards he or she has achieved, how many credits they are worth and when they were achieved. It is on this document that it a student who achieves with merit or excellence will see recognition of this. An ‘M’ for merit of ‘E’ for excellence will appear next to the credit allocation for that particular standard.
How does my child gain University Entrance?
To qualify for entrance to a university in New Zealand a student needs to have obtained –
- a minimum of 42 credits at Level 3 or higher on the National Qualifications Framework, including a minimum of 14 credits at Level 3 or higher in each of two subjects from an approved subject list, (www.nzqa.govt.nz/ncea/ue/index) with a further 14 credits at Level 3 or higher taken from no more than two additional domains on the National Qualifications Framework or approved subjects
- a minimum of 14 credits at Level 1 or higher in Mathematics or Pangarau on the National Qualifications Framework
- a minimum of 8 credits at Level 2 or higher in English or Te Reo Māori; 4 credits must be in Reading and 4 credits must be in Writing. The literacy credits (www.nzqa.govt.nz/ncea/ue/litreqs) will be selected from a schedule of approved achievement standards and unit standards. (Information sourced from www.nzqa.govt.nz )
What International qualifications is NCEA comparable to?
NCEA Level 1 is comparable overall to the following qualifications:
- the British General Certificate of Secondary Education;
- Canadian or United States Grade 10; and
- Year 10 awards in a number of Australian states – School Certificate, Junior Certificate and Achievement Certificate.
NCEA Level 3, and the New Zealand Scholarship qualification, is comparable overall to the following qualifications:
- the British A level; and
- Year 12 awards in a number of Australian States, for example the New South Wales Higher School Certificate.
